Tokyo Gakugei University, Comprehensive Educational Science DivisionSpecial Needs Education 発達障害学分野, Associate Professor

Tokyo Gakugei University
Apr. 2009 - Mar. 2012, Faculty of Education, 日本学術振興会特別研究員(DC1)

Chiba University
Apr. 2012 - Mar. 2015, Faculty of Education, 日本学術振興会特別研究員(PD)

Ibaraki Christian University
Apr. 2015 - Mar. 2018, Department of Elementary Education, College of Literature, 助教

Ibaraki Christian University
Apr. 2018 - Mar. 2019, Department of Elementary Education, College of Literature, 講師

Chiba University
Apr. 2019 - Mar. 2021, Faculty of Education, 准教授

Tokyo Gakugei University
Apr. 2020 - Present, United Graduate School of Education, 兼職教員

Tokyo Gakugei University
Apr. 2021 - Present, 総合教育科学系特別支援科学講座, 准教授

Tokyo Gakugei University
Mar. 2007, Faculty of Education, 障害児教育教員養成課程

Tokyo Gakugei University
Mar. 2009, Graduate school of Education, 特別支援教育専攻

Tokyo Gakugei University
Mar. 2012, United Graduate School of Education, 発達支援講座

博士（教育学）

THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

JAPAN ACADEMY OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

NEUROPSYCHOLOGY ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN

THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

中学校教諭一種免許状（国語）
Mar. 2007

養護学校教諭一種免許状
Mar. 2007

Experimental psychology

Special needs education

認知制御

運動制御

自閉症スペクトラム障害

知的障害

日本学術振興会
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C), 知的障害児・者における道具操作の困難の神経基盤の解明, 基盤研究(C), 01 Apr. 2021 - 01 Mar. 2024

日本学術振興会
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C), 知的障害児・者の「不器用」に対する包括的評価システムの開発, 基盤研究(C), 01 Apr. 2020 - 01 Mar. 2023

日本学術振興会
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C), 「子育ての社会化」を実現する地域包括支援プログラムの開発とその実践・普及, 基盤研究(C), 01 Apr. 2019 - 01 Mar. 2022, 子どもの育ちや子育てに関する講座・研修は、これまで保育者や子育て支援者などの専門職対象のもの、子育て中の保護者対象のもの、そして地域住民対象のものと、それぞれ異なる内容および構成のもとに実施されてきた。しかし、本研究ではこれら3者に対する共通のプログラムを開発し、あわせて当該プログラムを実施するファシリテーターを養成することで、社会の子育て力の向上が容易になり、「子育ての社会化」に大いに寄与できると考えている。 そこで、このような目的のもとに初年度（2019年度）は、子育て支援者、保護者、地域住民の各グループを対象とした研修プログラムを試行し、その内容の検討を始め、効果についても検証した。 １セッションの研修回数を5回とし、その開始前と5回終了後にそれぞれ質問紙調査を実施し、量的調査を行った。また、試行中の会話による質的分析も進めた。 結果として、３分野（子育て支援者、保護者、地域住民の各グループ）に対する本研修プログラムの必要性および有効性は確認できたが、さらに精緻な分析を可能とするよう、質問紙の項目内容の見直しの必要性が示唆された。また１セッション中は、各回のテーマに合わせた資料（現代の子育て事情、適切な育児のあり方、子どもの発達、発達の偏り等の資料）の提示を行うが、さらに効果的な資料の収集と提示方法について検討する必要性も見出された。 次年度は上記の課題を整理しつつさらに試行を重ねるなかで、着実に効果検証を進めていかなければならない。

日本学術振興会
科学研究費助成事業 若手研究, 自閉症スペクトラム障害児における「運動-社会性連関」の成立メカニズムの解明, 若手研究, 01 Apr. 2018 - 01 Mar. 2021, Competitive research funding, 本年度も、これまで長期間に渡り実施している重篤な知的障害のないASD児における運動機能と社会性障害についての測定を行った。また、本年度よりASD児における内部モデルが、運動機能と社会性障害にどのような影響を及ぼしているのか明らかにするための検討を開始した。内部モデルの実態を評価するものとして、まず運動の予測的制御を取り上げ、特定の目標値に対する握力表出の様相、及び反復タッピング運動における眼球運動を計測した。また、新奇の事態に対する運動適応も内部モデルに関わるものとして取り上げ、描画運動におけるプリズム順応の程度についても計測した。現在、得られた結果を解析中であるが、内部モデルを評価するための一連の課題において、全て低い成績を示す者たちが少なからず見受けられ、こうした者たちの運動機能や社会性障害の特徴について現在、検討している。 本年度は、これまでの筆者のASD児における運動‐社会性連関の研究をまとめたものを、専門書の一章として発表した。

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Features of motor skills impairments in children with developmental disabilities: a lifespan approach, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 01 Apr. 2017 - 01 Mar. 2020, Competitive research funding, Features of motor skill impairments in persons with developmental disabilities were investigated using a lifespan approach. Mainly, we analyzed the motor performances of persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). And the relation between motor abilities and emotional-behavioral difficulties in young children was investigated using the longitudinal method. The heterogeneity of motor skill impairments of persons with ASD was identified. The results of this study suggest the importance of early intervention to prevent the increase of negative experiences related to the low motor ability of young children.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Features of motor planning in parsons with intellectual disabilities, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 01 Apr. 2017 - 01 Mar. 2020, Competitive research funding, This study investigated the features and their related factor of the end-state comfort (ESC) effect in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The ESC effect represents a tendency to maximize comfortable hand and arm postures at the end of object manipulation tasks. Significant findings of this study were as follows: a) people with ID showed difficulty with the manifestation of the ESC effect. b) The error response analyses revealed that inefficient work of the goal-directed system in people with ID. c) The problems of manual dexterity were found to be related to the ESC effect in people with ID. d) The observational learning effects did not occur in adults with ID.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Features, related factors, and educational methods related to motor skill impairment in children with developmental disabilities, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2017, Competitive research funding, This study was conducted to investigate features and related factors of motor skill impairments (i.e., motor clumsiness) in children with several developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Furthermore, we attempt to identify the principal educational methods used for motor skill impairments. Results indicate the following: (a) In children with ASD in this study, motor skill impairments were observed frequently not only by objective motor skill assessment, but also by parent subjective reports. (b) Some factors such as severity of social impairments, functional level of internal model of motor control, and characteristics of movement processes were related with motor skill impairments of children with ASD. Based on these study results, (c) some educational methods for motor skill impairments were proposed.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Relation between motor dysfunction and inhibitory control in children with intellectual disabilities, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2017, This study investigated the relation between motor dysfunction and inhibitory control in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). The visual cancellation task was developed to measure inhibitory control. Based on results obtained with this task, this study confirmed that children with ID showed lower inhibitory control ability than children with typical development. Inhibitory control was interrelated with motor ability in children with ID. Some procedures that improve the performance of children with ID were identified and discussed.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Relationship between motor skill impairments and autistic traits in children with autism spectrum disorders, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2016, Competitive research funding, Purpose of this study was to investigate the features and its related factors of motor skill impairments in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants were children with ASD, aged 7-16 years. In this study, ASD included Asperger syndrome, high-functioning autism and PDD-NOS.The tasks conducted in this study were movement assessment battery for children-2(MABC2) and several psychological tests.The main results were as follows: (a) in children with autism spectrum disorders, severity of social impairments is related not only to the child’s fundamental motor abilities but also to practical motor skills in everyday life. (b) the internal modeling deficit seems to play an important role in children, either with developmental coordination disorder or ASD.(c)lower MABC2 scores in children with ASD slightly improved with age.

日本学術振興会
科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費, 知的障害児と発達障害児のパーソナリティについての研究, 特別研究員奨励費, Apr. 2012 - Mar. 2015, Competitive research funding, 本研究の目的は、知的障害児や発達障害児におけるパーソナリティの個人差について調べ、その個人差が彼らの行動全般にどのような影響を及ぼしているのか、障害特性との関連も踏まえながら明らかにすることである。 本年度の前半では、昨年度まで行っていた知的障害児・者におけるパーソナリティ特性の一つである衝動型－熟慮型の認知スタイルと運動能力の関連の発達的変化についての研究をまとめ、関連する国際誌に論文を投稿し採択された。 また本年度も前年度より引き続き、知的障害のない自閉症スペクトラム障害(ASD)児約30名を対象として、認知、運動、社会性の３領域から心理機能の個人差を総合的に評価すると共に、面接法や質問紙法によるパーソナリティ特性や障害特性についての調査を対象児や対象児の保護者に行い、測定結果の変化等について検討した。更に、本年度は前年度に質問紙法によって評価したパーソナリティ特性（気質）の一つであるeffortful controlの個人差と、ASD児の心理機能との関連について検討した。よく知られた実行制御課題であるハノイの塔(ToH)課題を取り上げ、構音抑制の有無がToH課題の成績に及ぼす影響を見ると共に、effortful controlの個人差との関連について検討した。この実験条件は、先行研究を参考としてASD児における内言使用能力を評価するために設定したものである。測定の結果、ASD児においても定型発達児のように構音抑制条件下でToH課題の成績が低下する児が存在している一方で、成績の低下しない児も存在しており、構音抑制の効果に個人差が認められた。しかし、こうした成績の個人差とeffortful controlの関連はさほど明確でなく、ASD児におけるeffortful controlの個人差と心理機能の関連について、更に検討していく必要がある。

日本学術振興会
科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費, 知的障害児・者の運動行為遂行の特徴とその心理学的解析, 特別研究員奨励費, 2009 - 2011, 本年度は、前年度までの調査結果を踏まえ、1)知的障害児・者の運動領域における速さと正確性と、認知領域における速さと正確性の関連について検討すると共に、2)知的障害児・者における教示にもとづく運動調整能力と認知スタイルの関連について検討した。 1)に関しては、独自に考案した知的障害児・者の運動行為遂行における速さと正確性を評価する課題の成績と、認知判断における速さと正確性(衝動型-熟慮型の認知スタイル)を評価する同画探索課題の成績の関連を見ることにより検討した。その結果、暦年齢の低い知的障害児では、運動遂行の特徴と認知スタイルの差異がよく一致し、領域横断的な速さと正確性の特性の存在が示唆された。また、こうした特性の差異の背景には、抑制障害やプランニングや処理速度の問題、代償的な方略の存在が推定された。一方で、年齢の高い知的障害者では運動遂行の特徴と認知スタイルの差異が、さほど一致しなくなることが明らかとなった。こうした傾向は、年齢縦断的検討でも同様に認められた。 2)に関しては、知的障害児・者における衝動型-熟慮型の認知スタイルの差異と、教示にもとづく運動調整能力の関連について検討した。いくつかの運動課題を「できるだけゆっくり」遂行するよう教示した際の運動調整の様相を、認知スタイル別に見たところ、熟慮型と速く正確型の調整能力は高く、衝動型と遅く不正確型は低いことが明らかとなった。また、こうした結果の一方で、教示の効果が現れやすい課題と現れにくい課題があること、知的障害児・者では教示による運動の速さの即時的変化は生じるが、その変化はさほど持続しないことなどが明らかとなった。

教員需給を考える
30 Aug. 2023

特別支援教育のための障害理解
28 Feb. 2022, 「6章　肢体不自由　１.心理・生理・病理」,「7章　病弱　１.心理・生理・病理」., 金子書房

知的障害・発達障害における「行為」の心理学 : ソヴィエト心理学の視座と特別支援教育
Nov. 2020, 国分
充
平田
正吾
奥住
秀之
葉石
光一
大井
雄平
池田
吉史
北島
善夫
増田
貴人
渋谷
郁子
田中
敦士, 福村出版, 9784571121425

発達障害の心理学 : 特別支援教育を支えるエビデンス
Oct. 2019, 北
洋輔
平田
正吾, 第７章　自閉症スペクトラム障害の心理学研究, 福村出版, 9784571121395

発達性協調運動障害（DCD）不器用さを伴う子どもの理解と支援
Aug. 2019, 平田 正吾, 第８章 DCDを伴う知的障害児の特性と支援, 金子書房

Relationship between teacher ideals and attitudes toward peers with autism spectrum disorder among teacher college students
Aug. 2024, joint, Advances in Autism

脳性マヒの疫学についての研究動向（3）── 近年の発生率減少についてのノート ──
Feb. 2025, joint, 東京学芸大学教育実践研究

知的障害特別支援学校高等部の教員から見た体育科の「楽しさ」に関する探索的検討
Feb. 2025, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要総合教育科学系

文化－歴史学派ヴィゴツキーの文化－歴史性（４）ヴィゴツキーと精神分析
Feb. 2025, 國分充・平田正吾, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要総合教育科学系, 76

Perception and action of individuals with intellectual disabilities in Japanese cognitive psychology
Feb. 2025, Shogo Hirata, only, Journal of Special Education Research

構音抑制が知能検査課題に及ぼす影響
Sep. 2023, joint, 日本認知心理学会発表論文集

知的障害児の理解語彙に関する文献検討 : 知的障害特別支援学校における教育課程の編成と言葉の指導への応用
Feb. 2024, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系

文化 ─ 歴史学派ヴィゴツキーの文化 ─ 歴史性 : 発達のグランド・セオリーの鑑賞学 （３）ヴィゴツキーとロシア革命
Feb. 2024, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系

文化－歴史学派ヴィゴツキーの文化－歴史性 : 発達のグランド・セオリーの鑑賞学（1）発達に関するヴィゴツキーのグランド・セオリーの措定（2）ロシアのユダヤ人としてのヴィゴツキー
Mar. 2023, joint

知的障害児・者における心的数直線の発達についての文献検討
Mar. 2023, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要総合教育科学系

知的障害概念についてのノート（2）～境界知能の現在～
Mar. 2023, joint, 東京学芸大学教育実践研究

基礎から学ぶ 障害と医療(第3回)知的障害(3)障害理解ってなに?
Mar. 2024, only, みんなのねがい

基礎から学ぶ 障害と医療(第2回)知的障害(2)知能検査ってなに?
Feb. 2024, only, みんなのねがい

基礎から学ぶ 障害と医療(第1回)知的障害ってなに?
Jan. 2024, only, みんなのねがい

知的障害者における認知的柔軟性についての探索的検討
28 Dec. 2023, 平田正吾　平田拓己, joint, 東京学芸大学論叢

自閉症スペクトラム指数と錯視の関連
Sep. 2022, 近藤 みゆき, 平田 正吾, 奥住 秀之, joint, 日本認知心理学会発表論文集, 日本認知心理学会, 2022, 0, 錯視図形を用いた反応時間の計測において、刺激が過大視される条件の反応時間が統制条件よりも短縮するという先行研究について、その追試を行うとともに、定型成人における自閉症特性の個人差との関連を検討した。定型発達の成人38名(年齢21.8±2.20歳)に対してIrene（2010）と同様に、錯視図形を用いた単純反応課題を実施した。用いた錯視はEbbinghaus、Ponzo、Shapard’s Tabletops、Square-Diamond錯視の4つである。測定の結果、群全体としては刺激が過大視される条件においても反応時間の短縮は観察されず、AQとの明らかな関連も認められなかった。練習効果や順序効果が生じた可能性についても検討を行ったが、ここでも単純反応時間の短縮は認められなかった。しかし、初期の試行における反応時間の条件間の差分とAQの関係について検討したところ、Ebbinghaus錯視においてはAQが低い者ほど、刺激が過大視される場合に反応時間が短縮する傾向にある可能性が示唆された。

幼児期のシフティングにおける言語の役割
Sep. 2022, 三橋 翔太, 平田 正吾, 奥住 秀之, joint, 日本認知心理学会発表論文集, 日本認知心理学会, 2022, 0, 本研究では，刺激の命名難度の影響を取り上げることから，定型小児のシフティングにおける自発的な言語方略の役割を検討することを目的とした。3－5歳の小児36名に対して、幼児期のシフティングを評価するDimensional Change Card Sort課題を命名の容易な色刺激と形刺激のみを用いた命名可能条件と、命名が困難な刺激のみを用いた命名困難条件の２条件で実施した。対象児は、まず色または形に基づいて刺激カードを分類するように求められた(プレスイッチ)。その後、分類基準が変更され、先とは異なる基準で刺激カードを分類するよう求められた(ポストスイッチ)。測定の結果、ポストスイッチにおける正分類数に、条件間で有意差は認められなかった。しかし、誤反応の分析を行ったところ、命名困難条件の遂行様相は命名可能条件と異なっていた。以上の結果に基づき、シフティングにおける言語的概念の役割について考察した。

タスクスイッチングにおける内言の役割について
Sep. 2022, 平田 正吾, 池田 春花, joint, 日本認知心理学会発表論文集, 日本認知心理学会, 2022, 0, タスクスイッチング(活動や課題の切り替え)における内言、すなわち実際の発話を伴わない内的な言語活動の役割について検討した。定型成人13名に対して、２桁の数字を用いた計算によるタスクスイッチング課題を実施した。加算や減算のような同一の処理のみを行う場合と、加算と減算を交互に行い、活動の切り替えを求めた場合の成績を分析した。また、課題で行うべき処理(加算や減算)を示す手がかりの有無が、課題の成績に及ぼす効果について分析した。更に、対象者の主観的な内言の使用頻度を質問紙により評価すると共に、聴覚的短期記憶の容量についても評価を行い、タスクスイッチング課題の成績との関係を分析した。測定の結果、対象者における内言の使用頻度の個人差は、タスクスイッチング課題の成績と強く関連していなかった。また、対象者の記憶容量に応じて、タスクスイッチングにおける手がかりの効果が異なることが明らかとなった。

Luria hand testにおける筋運動感覚の役割
Mar. 2022, 三橋 翔太, 平田 正吾, 奥住 秀之, joint, 日本認知心理学会発表論文集, 日本認知心理学会, 2021, 0, Luria Hand Test（LHT）とは、３種の手の動きから構成される一連の運動系列を観察し，呈示された運動系列を再現することを対象者に求める神経心理学的検査である。本研究では、LHTにおける筋運動感覚の役割を検討することを目的とした。Mitsuhashi et al.（2018）およびSmyth & Pendleton（1989）に従い、定型成人20名に対して、３つの条件下でLHTを実施した。すなわち、統制条件、構音抑制条件、運動抑制条件である。構音抑制条件は、運動系列を言語情報として保持することを阻害し、運動抑制条件は筋運動感覚として保持することを阻害するものである。測定の結果、統制条件と比較して、構音抑制条件の成績のみ有意に低下した。これより、LHTにおいて呈示される運動系列は、筋運動感覚として保持されずに、言語情報として保持されていることが明らかとなった。

知的障害概念についてのノート（１）～近年における定義の変化について～
Feb. 2022, 平田 正吾 奥住秀之, joint, 東京学芸大学教育実践研究, 18

知的障害特別支援学校における水泳運動系の学習指導についての予備的検討
28 Feb. 2022, 青木,利樹, 泉川,奈都子, 田中,亮, 奥住,秀之, 平田,正吾, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系, 東京学芸大学教育実践研究推進本部, 73, 2434-9356, type:論文(Article)

小学校の音楽科授業における発達障害児童の指導・支援 : 困難・教育的ニーズの整理と教職員への予備的調査を通して
28 Feb. 2022, 田中,亮, 齋藤,葵, 青木,利樹, 奥住,秀之, 平田,正吾, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系, 東京学芸大学教育実践研究推進本部, 73, 2434-9356, type:論文(Article)

病弱教育における子どものメンタルヘルスの問題についてのノート : いわゆる「不器用」と環境ストレス仮説
28 Feb. 2022, 平田,正吾, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系, 東京学芸大学教育実践研究推進本部, 73, 2434-9356, type:論文(Article)

Motor Ability and Mental Health of Young Children: A Longitudinal Study
11 Nov. 2021, Shogo Hirata
Yosuke Kita
Kota Suzuki
Yuzuki Kitamura
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Mitsuru Kokubun, joint, Frontiers in Education, 6, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.3389/feduc.2021.725954, This study used a longitudinal method to investigate relations between motor abilities and mental health in young children. We analyzed longitudinal data of 38 Japanese children who were 3–6 years old. We administered the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second edition (MABC2) and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 3–4 years and 5–6 years of age: MABC2 was used to evaluate each child’s motor ability; SDQ was used to assess the degree of their mental health difficulties and prosocial behavior. Logistic regression results indicated that the MABC2 score at 3–4 years can predict the risk of motor skill impairments at 5–6 years (adjusted odds ratio was 0.354). Motor ability assessed at 3–4 years, however, did not predict the risk of mental health problems at 5–6 years. Analyses of longitudinal quantitative changes in motor ability and mental health confirmed these results. Mental health problems that occurred at 5–6 years were related only to individual SDQ score differences at 3–4 years. The MABC2 total score at 3–4 years was not related to later prosocial behavior. Boys tended to obtain a lower MABC2 score at 5–6 years. Girls tended to obtain a higher SDQ prosocial score at 5–6 years. Results of this study suggest that motor skill impairment and SDQ-measured mental health are independent characteristics in young Japanese children aged 3–6 years.

学校給食における栄養教諭・学校栄養職員・給食調理員による病気の子どもへの支援の実際―疾患の生理的特徴及び精神病理・心理的な不安定さに着目して―
Sep. 2021, 田中 亮
平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
大井 雄平, joint, 教育研究実践報告誌, 常葉大学教育部初等課程研究企画部会, 5, 1, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 10.18894/00002241, 2436-0112, 病気の子どもに対する学校給食における支援に関する聞き取り調査を学校栄養職員・栄養教諭・給食調理員に行い,整理した上で,疾患の生理的な特徴や精神病理や心理的な不安定さに対応する支援の実際と今後のあり方について考察した。その結果,さらなる安全性の担保,効果的な支援,子どものQOL（生活の質）向上のためには，食育の推進,病気を有する児童全般に対応できる組織化,疾患の生理的特徴や精神病理の症状に合わせた個別の困難・ニーズへの対応という三層構造での支援を推進していくことの重要性が指摘された。一方,困難・ニーズは個別性が非常に高く,多様化しており,今後は,病気全般に関する具体的な手引きやガイドライン等を設けることの必要性も示唆された。

Light touch and foot stance effects on postural control in typically developing children
Jul. 2021, 平田 正吾
粟田 晏代
前田 航
奥住 秀之
国分 充, joint, アダプテッド・スポーツ科学 = Japanese journal of adapted sport science, 日本アダプテッド体育・スポーツ学会, 19, 1, Research paper (scientific journal), 2189-7743

The Characteristics of Education at the Ward-established "Kenko Gakuen" and Special Needs School for the Physically Challenged Outside of Tokyo : A look at the pathologies they target, and their histories, educational goals, and psychological support
Mar. 2021, 田中 亮
平田 正吾
奥住 秀之, joint, 千葉大学教育学部研究紀要, 千葉大学教育学部, 69, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 10.20776/S13482084-69-P159, 1348-2084, [SUMMARY] This paper focuses on the often overlooked Ward-established Kenko Gakuen and special needs schools, with research via interviews and documentary research using school directories, etc., to gain an understanding of the purpose and characteristics of each school, and careful organization and consideration of the results. We revealed the study and life instruction they provide is the result of the research and practice they have conducted over their long histories. They continue to utilize educational goals suited to special needs education, and use the unique characteristics of their schools to overcome the difficulties and meet the educational needs required by the conditions of their students.

End-state comfort effects in adults with intellectual disabilities: A pilot study
Mar. 2021, Yukino Kikuchi
Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi, joint, Cogent Psychology, 8, 1, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.1080/23311908.2021.1896120, This study investigated the end-state comfort (ESC) effect in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). The ESC effect represents a tendency to maximize comfortable hand and arm postures at the end of an object manipulation task. Participants were 22 adults with non-specific ID. The ESC effect was assessed using a simple object manipulation task. Difficulties were found with manifestation of the ESC effect in adults with non-specific ID. Only four participants displayed the ESC effect. The participants’ intellectual function was correlated with expression of the ESC effect. These results were assessed in terms of competition between a goal-directed system and habitual systems in adults with ID.

The Role of Observational Learning on Tool-use in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities : Focusing on the End-state Comfort (ESC) Effect
26 Feb. 2021, 菊池 優貴乃
平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
澤 隆史, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系, 東京学芸大学教育実践研究推進本部, 72, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 2434-9356

Phonological coding for serial recall in individuals with intellectual disabilities : a pilot study
Mar. 2020, 三橋 翔太
平田 正吾
奥住 秀之, joint, おおみか教育研究 = The Omika journal of education, 茨城キリスト教大学大学院文学研究科教育学専攻, 23, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1344-199X

A Study on Laborer of Instruction, Support and Curriculum for the Children with physical Disabilities and Requiring Medical Care in Regular Class: Based on Interviewing Teachers.
Mar. 2020, 田中 亮
平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
小林 巌, joint, 東京学芸大学教育実践研究, 東京学芸大学特別支援教育・教育臨床サポートセンター, 16, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1349-9580

茨城県における通級指導教室の現状と課題 : 小学校及び中学校に対するアンケート調査から
Mar. 2020, 平田 正吾, 大江 涼平, 椎木 久夫, joint, おおみか教育研究 = The Omika journal of education, 茨城キリスト教大学大学院文学研究科教育学専攻, 23, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1344-199X

学校教育の各現場で求められる特別支援教育の今日的な課題(その2)千葉大学教育学部附属特別支援学校の事例から
Mar. 2020, 細川 かおり, 横山 健司, 石田 祥代, 平田 正吾, 真鍋 健, 宮寺 千恵, 北島 善夫, joint, 千葉大学教育学部研究紀要, 千葉大学教育学部, 68, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1348-2084, [要約]本稿では，知的障害特別支援学校における実践教育の展開と今日的な課題を明らかにすることを目的として，千葉大学教育学部附属特別支援学校の事例に基づいて，その意義と役割を論じた。千葉大学教育学部附属特別支援学校における歴史と概要をまとめ，「合わせた指導」を教育課程の中心に据えた実践の変遷を述べた。小・中・高等部の実践研究を俯瞰し，特色ある教育課程の提案，発達段階を考慮した授業づくり，地域の特別支援教育のセンター的機能の充実など各学部の課題が挙げられ，今後の取り組みの方向性が示唆された。また，千葉大学教育学部との連携研究を数多く行っており，実践・実態の分析，事例検討，教材や実施方法の開発など，様々な視点から共同での研究がなされている。附属特別支援学校は保護者のみならず，地域，大学からのニーズにもこたえる学校であることが求められており，三者のニーズをバランスよく追及することが必要である。

About the physical disabilities in the methods of education of the "morality" : For the improvement of the instruction method mainly on the textbook and curriculum formation.
01 Mar. 2020, 田中 亮
奥住 秀之
平田 正吾, joint, 千葉大学教育学部研究紀要 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 千葉大学教育学部, 68, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 10.20776/S13482084-68-P241, 1348-2084, [要約]本研究では，「特別の教科 道徳」としての肢体不自由児・者に関連した教材の教科書への掲載状況と教師へのインタビューを行った。教科書への掲載については，多くの発行されている検定教科書があり，なおかつ高学年を中心に多学年に渡っていることが明らかになった。また，教師は指導上の成果を感じることが多く，肢体不自由児・者に関連した教材が道徳的価値に児童が触れる上で重要な役割を担っていることが示唆された。一方で，さらなる指導法や教育課程編成の改善に向けて，実践の蓄積や教材研究の質と量の確保も課題として挙げられた。

Inter- and intra-individual variability in the motor planning
28 Feb. 2020, 菊池 優貴乃
平田 正吾
奥住 秀之, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系, 東京学芸大学学術情報委員会, 71, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 2434-9356

自閉スペクトラム症児の視覚性系列再生における記銘方略について : Picture memory span taskを用いた縦断的検討
Sep. 2019, 三橋 翔太, 平田 正吾, 奥住 秀之, Shota Mitsuhashi, Shogo Hirata, Hideyuki Okuzumi, joint, 茨城キリスト教大学紀要. 1, 人文科学, 茨城キリスト教大学, 53, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1342-6362, This study administered the famous serial recall task, a picture memory span task, twice to children with ASD, to ascertain whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consistently use strategies in visual serial recall task. Results revealed that children with ASD used both of phonological and visual strategies. This pattern is expected to begin at earlier ages.However this result should be interpreted carefully because recall on multiple supports is assumed to be advantageous.

Neuropsychological examination of children with intellectual disabilities(2)A note
Mar. 2019, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
国分 充, joint, おおみか教育研究, 茨城キリスト教大学大学院文学研究科教育学専攻, 22, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1344-199X

生理型知的障害者の系列再生課題に対する内言の関与について－聴覚記憶と視覚記憶の2側面からの予備的検討－
Mar. 2019, 三橋翔太
平田正吾
奥住秀之
小林 巌, joint, 東京学芸大学教育実践研究支援センター紀要, 15, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)

生理型知的障害者の系列再生課題における記憶材料の意味性の影響 : スパン法による分析及び病理型知的障害との比較
Feb. 2019, 三橋 翔太, 平田 正吾, 奥住 秀之, 國分 充, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系 = Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, 東京学芸大学学術情報委員会, 70, 1, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1880-4306

知的障害における運動プランニングの特徴 : 課題の具体性がEnd-state comfort effectに及ぼす影響
Feb. 2019, 菊池 優貴乃, 平田 正吾, 内田 早紀, 奥住 秀之, 國分 充, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系 = Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, 東京学芸大学学術情報委員会, 70, 1, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1880-4306

Motor Competence in Children With Developmental Disabilities, Especially Children With Intellectual Disabilities or Autism Spectrum Disorders : A Review
Dec. 2018, 平田 正吾, only, 特殊教育学研究 = The Japanese journal of special education, 日本特殊教育学会, 56, 4, Research paper (scientific journal), 0387-3374

Classes and resource rooms for students with disabilities in Ibaraki : a note
Sep. 2018, Shogo Hirata
Hisao Shiiki, joint, 茨城キリスト教大学紀要. 2, 社会・自然科学, 茨城キリスト教大学, 52, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1342-6370, This brief article reviewed several topics related to features of classes and resource rooms for students with disabilities in Ibaraki prefecture. Results of Ministry of Education, Culture,Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) surveys assessing special needs education were analyzed. They reveal that students using resource rooms have increased in recent years in Japan. Nevertheless, few resource rooms exist in junior high schools of Ibaraki. The quantity and quality of special needs education of Ibaraki must be investigated. Especially, the present state of students with several development disabilities such as emotional disturbance, autism spectrum disorders, and specific learning disorders in junior high school must be specifically examined.

Applicability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) for Japanese children aged 3-6 years: A preliminary investigation emphasizing internal consistency and factorial validity
31 Aug. 2018, Shogo Hirata
Yosuke Kita
Masanori Yasunaga
Kota Suzuki
Yasuko Okumura
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Tomio Hosobuchi
Mitsuru Kokubun
Masumi Inagaki
Akio Nakai, joint, Frontiers in Psychology, 9, AUG, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01452, This study investigated the applicability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2) for 3- to 6-year-old Japanese children, particularly addressing its internal consistency and factorial validity. The MABC-2 test set for 3- to 6-year-old children was administered to 252 children. Differences between Japanese children and those of the original normative sample (i.e. United Kingdom children) were investigated along with sex differences. The Japanese children aged 3-6 years were found to have higher Manual Dexterity and Balance component scores than children of the normative sample. Girls scored higher than boys on the Balance component. Results of several analyses showed good internal consistency of the MABC-2. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a theoretical three-component model of the MABC-2 was not fitted to Japanese children aged 3-6 years. Instead, a new three-component model was postulated and discussed. The new three-component model of the MABC-2, with Manual Dexterity, Static Balance and Ball Skills, and Dynamic Balance, has high factorial validity in Japanese children aged 3-6 years.

Neuropsychological examination of children with intellectual disabilities : a note
Mar. 2018, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
国分 充, joint, おおみか教育研究, 茨城キリスト教大学大学院文学研究科教育学専攻, 21, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1344-199X

Role of Inner Speech on Serial Recall in Children with ASD: A Pilot Study Using the Luria Hand Test.
Mar. 2018, Shota Mitsuhashi
Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi, joint, Autism research and treatment, 2018, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.1155/2018/6873412, This study was conducted to investigate the relation between the effect of articulatory suppression on the serial recall and severity of social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Luria hand test (LHT) was administered to evaluate the capacity for serial recall in 13 children with ASD. The LHT was administered under three conditions: control, under articulatory suppression, and under spatial suppression. Performance on the LHT of children with ASD was significantly lower in terms of both articulatory suppression and the spatial suppression condition. Moreover, the severity of social impairment in children with ASD was related to individual differences of effects of articulatory suppression on the LHT, but not with effects of spatial suppression. These results support the notion that dialogic inner speech which mediates complex cognitive abilities has inherently social origins.

Memory Strategies for Serial Recall in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Feb. 2018, Shota Mitsuhashi
Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi, joint, Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment, 6, 2, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.6000/2292-2598.2018.06.02.2, This study was conducted to investigate the memory strategy for serial recall in adults with general intellectual disability (ID) using the picture memory span task. Relations between memory strategies and two aspects of intellectual abilities, i.e., verbal and nonverbal abilities, were investigated. Study participants were 19 adults with general ID (i.e., ID of unknown etiologies). The picture memory span task, which can assess features of memory coding, was administered under four conditions: control, visually similar, phonologically similar, and long-name condition. The picture vocabulary test - revised (PVTR) and Raven color progressive matrices (RCPM) were conducted. Performance on the picture memory span task revealed that participants with ID used visual and verbal strategies for memory coding. Individual differences in verbal ability were interrelated with the degree of verbal strategy use. Results of this study suggest that features of memory coding of adults with ID do not contradict their level of intellectual development.

Spatial Short-term Memory in Individuals with Non-specific Intellectual Disabilities : A Review
Feb. 2018, Shota MITSUHASHI
Shogo HIRATA
Hideyuki OKUZUMI
Mitsuru KOKUBUN
Toshihide KOIKE
Shota MITSUHASHI(Graduate
School of
Education Tokyo
Gakugei University
Shogo HIRATA(Ibaraki Christian University
Hideyuki OKUZUMI(Tokyo
Gakugei University
Mitsuru KOKUBUN(Tokyo
Gakugei University
Toshihide KOIKE(Tokyo
Gakugei Uni, joint, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系, 東京学芸大学学術情報委員会, 69, 2, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1880-4306

自主シンポジウム6-18：特別支援教育における発達障害への実験的接近（４）―自閉症スペクトラム障害児における対人的空間―
Feb. 2018, 平田正吾
北洋輔
池田吉史
浅田晃佑
奥村安寿子
鈴木浩太
江尻桂子, joint, 特殊教育学研究, 55, 5, (MISC) Summary of the papers read (national conference and other science council)

学会企画国際化推進委員会シンポジウム：台湾および日本における特別支援教育教員養成の現状と課題
Feb. 2018, 奥住秀之
荒川智
勝二博亮
齊藤由美子
呉純慧
村山拓
池田吉史
平田正吾, joint, 特殊教育学研究, 55, 5, (MISC) Summary of the papers read (national conference and other science council)

Role of inner speech on the Luria hand test
01 Jan. 2018, Shota Mitsuhashi
Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi, joint, Cogent Psychology, 5, 1, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.1080/23311908.2018.1449485, This study was conducted to investigate the psychological characteristics of the Luria hand test (LHT), a well-known neuropsychological assessment. We investigated the role of inner speech in LHT using the dual-task paradigm. Additionally, we investigated the relation between LHT and Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised (WMS-R) scores. Performance of the 21 university student participants on the LHT decreased significantly in the articulatory suppression condition, but not in spatial suppression. This result indicates that the inner speech or phonological loop of working memory plays an important role in the LHT. Moreover, only the verbal memory score of the WMS-R was correlated significantly with LHT performance. Based on these results, psychological characteristics of the LHT were discussed.

ABNORMAL FEEDBACK-RELATED NEGATIVITY FOR PARTNER'S ERRORS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Dec. 2017, Yosuke Kita
Kota Suzuki
Yasuko Okumura
Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Masumi Inagaki, joint, Psychophysiology, Wiley, 54, (MISC) Summary of the papers read (international conference), 0048-5772

Uniqueness of action monitoring in children with autism spectrum disorder: Response types and temporal aspects
14 Sep. 2017, Kota Suzuki
Yosuke Kita
Kotoe Sakihara
Shogo Hirata
Ryusuke Sakuma
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Masumi Inagaki, joint, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 39, 8, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.1080/13803395.2016.1266308, 1380-3395, Background: Action monitoring, the process for evaluating the appropriateness of one’s own actions, is reported to be atypical in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: We examined the characteristics of action monitoring in 11 children with ASD and 12 children with typical development (TD), analyzing stimulus-locked and response-locked event-related potential components (i.e., N2; error-related negativity, ERN; and error positivity, Pe) related to execution of a flanker task. Results: We found a smaller N2 amplitude in children with ASD than in those with TD. Children with ASD also had a larger amplitude of ERN for partial error responses (electromyographic activity corresponding to the inappropriate hand side before response execution) than did children with TD. Additionally, the ERN amplitude for the partial error response was correlated with the Autistic Mannerisms of the Social Responsiveness Scale. There were no significant differences in Pe amplitudes between children with ASD and those with TD. Conclusion: The results suggest that action monitoring in children with ASD is significantly different both before and after response execution. We hypothesized that the detail-focused processing style of ASD reduces the demands of action monitoring before response execution; however, autistic mannerisms evoke excessive concern regarding trivial mistakes after response execution.

MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN CLUMSY CHILDREN
Apr. 2017, 北 洋輔
鈴木 浩太
平田 正吾
奥村 安寿子
崎原 ことえ
安永 正則
中井 昭夫
奥住 秀之
稲垣 真澄, joint, 若手研究者のための健康科学研究助成成果報告書 = Research-aid report, 明治安田厚生事業団, 32, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)

脳性麻痺の運動特性についての研究動向 : 運動プランニングの特徴とその病理
Mar. 2017, 平田 正吾, 奥住 秀之, 細渕 富夫, 国分 充, joint, おおみか教育研究 = The Omika journal of education, 茨城キリスト教大学大学院文学研究科教育学専攻, 20, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1344-199X

自主シンポジウム32：特別支援教育における発達障害への実験的接近（3）—注意欠陥多動性障害（ADHD）児の高次認知機能—
Feb. 2017, 北 洋輔
平田正吾
濱田香澄
奥村安寿子
池田吉史
鈴木浩太
松本秀彦, joint, 特殊教育学研究, 54, 5, (MISC) Summary of the papers read (national conference and other science council)

発達障害児の調整力 : 自閉症スペクトラム障害と知的障害を中心に (特集 バイオメカニクスからみた子どもの調整力)
Dec. 2016, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之, joint, バイオメカニクス研究 = Japanese journal of biomechanics in sports & exercise : 日本バイオメカニクス学会機関誌, 日本バイオメカニクス学会事務局, 20, 4, (MISC) Introduction and explanation (scientific journal), 1343-1706

Motor and Sensory Features in People with Developmental Disabilities
Oct. 2016, 奥住 秀之
平田 正吾, joint, SNEジャーナル, 日本特別ニーズ教育学会, 22, 1, (MISC) Introduction and explanation (scientific journal), 1343-3288

Brief report: Effect of verbalization to other individuals on cognitive planning in children with autism spectrum disorders
01 Oct. 2016, Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Mitsuru Kokubun, joint, Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii, Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii, 25, 4, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.1016/j.pin.2016.11.001, 1230-2813, This study investigated 21 children with ASD to ascertain the effects of verbalization to others on cognitive planning in children with ASD. The Tower of Hanoi (ToH) test was administered in two conditions: solo and duo. Participants performed the ToH test using the normal method in the solo condition. In the duo condition, a participant was not allowed to touch the ToH apparatus, but was allowed to communicate about the procedure verbally to complete the ToH test. In children with ASD in this study, performance of the duo condition was not different from the solo condition. However, individual differences in the performance of the duo condition were observed. Participants were classifiable into three groups based on their performance. The results show that the roles of verbalization on cognitive planning in children with ASD are not homogeneous.

Applicability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition to Japanese children: A study of the Age Band 2
01 Sep. 2016, Yosuke Kita
Kota Suzuki
Shogo Hirata
Kotoe Sakihara
Masumi Inagaki
Akio Nakai, joint, Brain and Development, 38, 8, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.02.012, 0387-7604, Background The diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) requires a precise assessment of motor skills via a standardized tool such as the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2). Although the MABC-2 has been widely used in English-speaking countries, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined its applicability to Japanese children. Thus, it has been difficult to diagnose DCD in Japan. Aims As a preliminary investigation preceding its formal standardization in Japan, we examined the applicability of the MABC-2. Methods and procedures Participants comprised 132 typically developing Japanese children who completed a test set of the MABC-2 for Age Band 2. We analyzed both internal consistency and factorial validity for our Japanese sample. We also included a comparison between our sample of Japanese children and the normative sample of the MABC-2, as well as an examination of gender differences. Outcomes and results Our results indicated acceptable internal consistency and scale homogeneity. High factorial validity, which has not been examined in other populations, was also confirmed for the test set. Moreover, we found differences in component scores between the Japanese and normative children with respect to Manual Dexterity and Balance. We also found that girls obtained superior Manual Dexterity and Balance scores compared with boys. Conclusions and Implications The present findings represent the first step towards the standardization of the MABC-2 in a Japanese population.

Discrepancy between the "Draw A Man" test and figure-copy test in children with autism spectrum disorders : A pilot study
Mar. 2016, 平田 正吾
松澤 真央
奥住 秀之
國分 充, joint, おおみか教育研究, 茨城キリスト教大学大学院文学研究科教育学専攻, 19, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1344-199X

自主シンポジウム17：特別支援教育における発達障害への実験的接近（2）–自閉症スペクトラム障害児の高次認知機能—
Feb. 2016, 北 洋輔
平田正吾
池田吉史
横田晋務
鈴木浩太
岡 耕平
軍司敦子, joint, 特殊教育学研究, 53, 5, (MISC) Summary of the papers read (national conference and other science council)

Features and related factors of indirect speech comprehension in children with autism spectrum disorders : A Pilot Study
29 Feb. 2016, Yuta TSUCHIYA
Shogo HIRATA
Hideyuki OKUZUMI
Mitsuru KOKUBUN, joint, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 67, 2, Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), 1880-4306

Motor Skills and Social Impairments in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study Using the Japanese Version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-J)
23 Jul. 2015, Shogo Hirata
Akio Nakai
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Yoshio Kitajima
Tomio Hosobuchi
Mitsuru Kokubun, SAGE Open, SAGE Publications Inc., 5, 3, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.1177/2158244015602518, 2158-2440, The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the Japanese version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-J) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The participants were 19 children with ASD. The DCDQ-J is a parent questionnaire that can assess the degree of motor skill impairments, and the SRS assesses the severity of social impairments. To check the criterion-related validity of the DCDQ-J in children with ASD, the Japanese version of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC2-J) was also conducted. The total score of the DCDQ-J was significantly negatively correlated with the SRS score in the same way as the MABC2-J total score. These results indicate that the severity of social impairments in children with ASD is related not only to the child’s fundamental motor abilities but also to practical motor skills in everyday life.

Relationship between motor skill impairments and motor imagery ability in children with autism spectrum disorder
May 2015, Hirata S
Okuzumi H
Kitajima Y
Hosobuchi T
Nakai A
Kokubun M, Psychology, 6

Features of Postural Control in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders : A Review
27 Feb. 2015, Yasuyo AWATA
Shogo HIRATA
Hideyuki OKUZUMI
Mitsuru KOKUBUN, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 66, 2, 1880-4306

Principles and Curriculum of Education Recommended for Children with Intellectual Disabilities : Working Memory Training for Children with ID : A Review
Feb. 2015, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
国分 充, Total Rehabilitation Research, Asian Society of Human Services, 2, 2188-1855

自主シンポジウム76：特別支援教育における発達障害への実験的接近（1）–若手研究者からの報告—
Feb. 2015, 北 洋輔
軍司敦子
池田吉史
平田正吾
青木真純
尾﨑久記, 特殊教育学研究, 52, 5, (MISC) Summary of the papers read (national conference and other science council)

Measuring Inhibitory Control without Requiring Reading Skill
2015, OKUZUMI Hideyuki
SAITO Ryotaro
IKEDA Yoshifumi
OI Yuhei
HIRATA Shogo
HAISHI Koichi
SAGISAKA Rena
SAKO Haruno, Asian Journal of Human Services, アジアヒューマンサービス学会, 8, 0, 2186-3350, For two paper–pencil versions of inhibitory tasks that require no reading skill, this study investigated the performance of young adults with no disability. Experiment 1 examined performance on same–different tasks by 42 participants. Three conditions were administered, all of which used geometric shapes: the same (no interference) condition, which asked each participant to check the same items as the target stimuli; the different(interference) condition, which asked to check the different items from the target stimuli while inhibiting the prepotent tendency of checking the same; and the motor condition, which measured motor speed. Results showed the highest performance in the motor condition and the lowest in the different condition. Experiment 2 examined performances of 43 participants on the flanker task, which asked participants to check the same arrow as the target placed in the middle of five arrows in line. Four conditions were administered: the same (no interference) condition, in which all five arrows pointed to the same direction; the different (interference) condition, in which the four arrows flanking the target pointed to the opposite direction against it; the partially different(interference) condition, in which one of the four arrows flanking pointed to the opposite direction; and the motor condition, which measured motor speed. Results showed the highest performance for the motor condition and the lowest for the different and partially different conditions, among which the differences were not significant. These results suggest that the two inhibitory tasks developed in this study are easy to administer and useful for people with little or no reading ability. Results demonstrate that the same–different task might be more inhibitory–demanding than the flanker task.

Longitudinal change in motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorders
2015, Hirata S
Kita Y
Suzuki K
Okuzumi H
Kokubun M
Nakai A, Journal of Comorbidity, 5

A preliminary study of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition on Japanese children: Age Band 2
2015, Kita Y
Hirata S
Suzuki K
Sakihara K
Inagaki M
Nakai A, Journal of Comorbidity, 5, 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.02.012

Relationship between motor skill and social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorders
01 Oct. 2014, Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Yoshio Kitajima
Tomio Hosobuchi
Akio Nakai
Mitsuru Kokubun, International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, Maney Publishing, 60, 4, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.1179/2047387713Y.0000000033, 2047-3869, Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor skill and social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods: The subjects were 26 children with ASD aged 7-16 years. Their intelligence quotients (IQ) ranged from 73 to 124. We conducted two tasks: movement assessment battery for children-2 (MABC-2) and social responsiveness scale (SRS). The MABC-2 is a motor test that can assess total motor ability, and three sub-domain abilities. SRS is a parent questionnaire that can assess individual differences in social impairment. Results: In the children with ASD in this study, difficulty with manual dexterity was the most frequently occurring problem. Also, their individual differences in social impairment were strongly interrelated with problems with manual dexterity. Interpretation: These results suggest that when MABC-2 is administered to children with ASD but without severe cognitive impairment, due attention should be paid to their manual dexterity (MD) score.

Experience of Struggle Against Cancer in Japanese Childhood Cancer Survivors : A Review
Apr. 2014, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
北島 善夫, Asian Journal of Human Services, Asian Society of Human Services ; 2011-, 6, 10.14391/ajhs.6.138, 2186-3350

病弱児の心理特性についての研究動向－我が国の小児がん経験児における闘病体験－
Apr. 2014, 平田正吾
奥住秀之
北島善夫
細渕富夫
國分 充, 6

Executive Functions in Children with Cerebrapalsy : A review
31 Mar. 2014, HIRATA S
OKUZUMI H
KOBAYASHI I
KITAJIMA Y
HOSOBUCHI T
KOKUBUN M, BULLETIN OF CENTER FOR THE RESEARCH AND SUPPORT OF EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE, Tokyo Gakugei University, 10, 1349-9580

Executive Functions in Children with Cerebrapalsy : A review
31 Mar. 2014, HIRATA S
OKUZUMI H
KOBAYASHI I
KITAJIMA Y
HOSOBUCHI T
KOKUBUN M, BULLETIN OF CENTER FOR THE RESEARCH AND SUPPORT OF EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE, 東京学芸大学, 10, 1349-9580

Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Japan: a review
01 Mar. 2014, 平田 正吾
ヒラタ ショウゴ
Hirata Shogo
奥住 秀之
オクズミ ヒデユキ
Okuzumi Hideyuki
北島 善夫
キタジマ ヨシオ
Kitajima Yoshio
細渕 富夫
ホソブチ トミオ
Hosobuchi Tomio
国分 充
コクブン ミツル
Kokubun Mitsuru, 千葉大学教育学部研究紀要, 千葉大学教育学部, 62, 1348-2084, 1990年代における我が国の脳性麻痺(CP)の発生頻度の推移について,3つの地域(沖縄県,滋賀県,姫路市)を対象とした調査の結果を概観することから検討した。その結果,1)1990年代にCPが増加傾向にあるのかについては調査により異なっていたが,減少傾向とするものはなかった。しかし,2)いずれの調査においても,LBW児や早産児のCPが多く,更に3つの内2つの調査ではLBW児のCPが増加傾向にあった。

Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Japan : a review
Mar. 2014, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
北島 善夫
細渕 富夫
国分 充, 千葉大学教育学部研究紀要, 千葉大学教育学部, 62, 1348-2084, 1990年代における我が国の脳性麻痺(CP)の発生頻度の推移について,3つの地域(沖縄県,滋賀県,姫路市)を対象とした調査の結果を概観することから検討した。その結果,1)1990年代にCPが増加傾向にあるのかについては調査により異なっていたが,減少傾向とするものはなかった。しかし,2)いずれの調査においても,LBW児や早産児のCPが多く,更に3つの内2つの調査ではLBW児のCPが増加傾向にあった。

Experience of Struggle Against Cancer in Japanese Childhood Cancer Survivors:A Review
2014, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Asian Journal of Human Services, アジアヒューマンサービス学会, 6, 0, 10.14391/ajhs.6.138, 2186-3350, In this article, we reviewed several topics related to the experience of struggle against cancer among Japanese childhood cancer survivors. Several studies on the relationship between this struggle against cancer and negative psychological consequences such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) present the possibility that the subjective intensity of treatment has a strong influence on later mental health. The few studies on the positive consequences of this experience of struggle such as posttraumatic growth and resilience were also reviewed. Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a new concept according to which people who have experienced trauma apply positive interpretations to and find meaning in the traumatic event. Resilience is the achievement of positive adaptation to the adversity. In Japanese childhood cancer survivors, studies present the possibility that this experience of struggle against cancer can have a positive effect on later mental health. Here again, the subjective intensity of treatment was also important for PTG. In future research, we will try to integrate qualitative study with quantitative study about the experience of the cancer struggle among Japanese childhood cancer survivors.

Discrepancy between motor and cognitive control in adults with intellectual disabilities
2014, Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Yoshio Kitajima
Tomio Hosobuchi
Mitsuru Kokubun, Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment, Lifescience Global, 2, 2, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.6000/2292-2598.2014.02.02.2, 2292-2598, Purpose: To investigate the relationship between motor and cognitive control in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), focusing on two aspects, speed and accuracy. Method: Participants were 62 adults with ID aged 20 to 47 years. Their intelligence quotients (IQ) ranged from 13 to 61. Nine of the adults with ID had Down syndrome, and 8 of the adults had autism. We conducted three tasks: seal affixation task, tray-carrying task, and the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). The seal affixation and tray-carrying tasks are motor tasks we devised that can separately measure the speed and accuracy of motor control. MFFT is a cognitive control task that can be used to evaluate cognitive styles, such as impulsive-reflective. Results: Adults with ID showed high motor accuracy and similar motor speed regardless of their MFFT performance. That is, discrepancies between motor and cognitive control existed in adults with ID. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that some types of motor control problem may become unclear with growth. A longitudinal investigation focused on the motor skill development of persons with ID is therefore necessary.

Relationship between Stroop/reverse-Stroop interference and postural sway when standing in elderly people
Dec. 2013, Ikeda Y
Hirata S
Maeda W
Okuzumi H
Kokubun M
Ambe H
Fujieda Y
Suijo K
Hayashi J
Iteya M, Comprehensive Psychology, 2, Article 9, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.2466/22.25.CP.2.9

Speed and accuracy of motor and cognitive control in children with intellectual disabilities
Nov. 2013, Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Yoshio Kitajima
Tomio Hosobuchi
Mitsuru Kokubun, International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, Maney Publishing, 59, 3, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.1179/2047387712Y.0000000010, 2047-3869, Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor and cognitive control in children with intellectual disabilities (ID), focusing on the two aspects of speed and accuracy. Methods: The subjects were 39 children with ID aged 8-15 years. Their Intelligence Quotient (IQ) ranged from 13 to 71. The children with ID included 12 children with Down's syndrome and 10 children with autism. We conducted three tasks: seal affixation task, tray-carrying task, and the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). The seal affixation and tray-carrying tasks are motor tasks we devised that can separately measure the speed and accuracy of motor control. MFFT is a cognitive control task that can be used to evaluate cognitive styles, such as impulsive-reflective. Results: In the children with ID in this study, motor speed and accuracy were related to cognitive speed and accuracy. Moreover, these children could be classified into four groups based on their MFFT performance, with the motor performances of each group corresponding to the characteristics of that group seen on MFFT. Discussion: These results suggest the possibility that a motor-cognitive control link exists in children with ID. © The British Society for Developmental Disabilities 2013.

If persons with intellectual disabilities are ordered to perform "a late motion", what will happen?
30 Jun. 2013, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Japanese journal of adapted sport science, 日本アダプテッド体育・スポーツ学会, 11, 1, 1348-6055, Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between verbal instruction and motor regulation in persons with intellectual disabilities. Subjects were 47 adults with intellectual disabilities (CA: 32.5±7.0 years. MA: 66.1±21.2 months). The tasks conducted in this study were Matting Familiar Figure Test (MFFT) which can assess the impulsivity - reflection and three motor regulation tasks. The cognitive styles were related motor regulation. Features of motor regulation in persons with intellectual disabilities were discussed.

知的障害児・者における運動行為遂行の特徴とその心理学的解析 : 微細運動と粗大運動における速さと正確性とその関連要因(一般演題,地域に根ざすリハビリテーションスポーツ、アダプテッド・スポーツ,<特集>第33回医療体育研究会/第16回日本アダプテッド体育・スポーツ学会第14回合同大会)
30 Jun. 2013, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
国分 充, リハビリテーションスポーツ, 医療体育研究会, 32, 1, 1347-1201

Speed and accuracy of fine motor control in adults with intellectual disabilities
Jun. 2013, Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Yoshio Kitajima
Tomio Hosobuchi
Mitsuru Kokubun, Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, Wiley-Blackwell, 10, 2, (MISC) Summary of the papers read (international conference), 1741-1122

Walking and balance ability in people with intellectual disabilities
Jun. 2013, Okuzumi H
Ikeda Y
Kokubun M
Hirata S
Haishi
K, Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 10, 2, Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Relationship between motor skill impairment and force regulation in children with autism spectrum disorders
31 Mar. 2013, Shogo HIRATA
Yoshifumi IKEDA
Aya TAKAHASHI
Hideyuki OKUZUMI
Yoshio KITAJIMA
Tomio HOSOBUCHI
Mitsuru KOKUBUN, Journal of Educational Research, 東京学芸大学, 27, 27, 1344-7068

Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Sweden : a review
Mar. 2013, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
北島 善夫
奥住 秀之
オクズミ ヒデユキ
Okuzumi Hideyuki
北島 善夫
キタジマ ヨシオ
Kitajima Yoshio
細渕 富夫
ホソブチ トミオ
Hosobuchi Tomio
国分 充
コクブン ミツル
Kokubun Mitsuru, 千葉大学教育学部研究紀要, 千葉大学教育学部, 61, 1348-2084, Hagbergらが1990年代に行った西スウェーデンにおける脳性麻痺の疫学についての3つの調査を取り上げ,その結果を概観した。Hagbergらの調査の結果は,以下の3点にまとめられる。すなわち,1)1980年代半ばから見られるCPの減少傾向は,1999～2002年においては見られなくなった。2)早産児におけるCPの発生頻度は減少した。3)正期産児におけるCP,特に異常運動型CPが増加した。これらの結果と我が国におけるCPの疫学調査の結果の差異について,今後検討する必要があることを指摘した。

Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Sweden : a review
Mar. 2013, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
北島 善夫
細渕 富夫
国分 充, 千葉大学教育学部研究紀要, 千葉大学教育学部, 61, 1348-2084, Hagbergらが1990年代に行った西スウェーデンにおける脳性麻痺の疫学についての3つの調査を取り上げ,その結果を概観した。Hagbergらの調査の結果は,以下の3点にまとめられる。すなわち,1)1980年代半ばから見られるCPの減少傾向は,1999～2002年においては見られなくなった。2)早産児におけるCPの発生頻度は減少した。3)正期産児におけるCP,特に異常運動型CPが増加した。これらの結果と我が国におけるCPの疫学調査の結果の差異について,今後検討する必要があることを指摘した。

A Brief History of the Studies of Motor Actions in Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
28 Feb. 2013, Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Yoshio Kitajima
Tomio Hosobuchi
Mitsuru Kokubun, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 64, 2, 1880-4306

Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Empathizing-Systemizing Model in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Feb. 2013, 平田 正吾
奥住 秀之
北島 善夫, LD研究 = Japanese journal of learning disabilities, 日本LD学会, 22, 1, 1346-5716

Relation between the importance of school education and after-school activity programs and age, sex, and school type for school-aged children with disabilities
Oct. 2012, 奥住 秀之
池田 吉史
平田 正吾, Asian Journal of Human Services, Asian Society of Human Services ; 2011-, 3, 2186-3350

Relation between sports activity after graduation and individual attributes of students with intellectual disabilities in high-school of special needs education
30 Jun. 2012, Okuzumi Hideyuki
Ikeda Yoshifumi
Hirata Shogo
Kokubun Mitsuru
Ohta Ayako, Japanese journal of adapted sport science, 日本アダプテッド体育・スポーツ学会, 10, 1, 1348-6055, For students with intellectual disabilities attending a special needs education high school, this study examined the kinds and structures of sports activities that they will participate in after graduation, their relation with individual student attributes, and their relation with present circumstances and prospects of sports activities. Participants were administered a self-report questionnaire, eliciting data of 282 students. The results of analyses indicated the following. Sports activities that they hoped to continue after graduation were bowling, basketball, and swimming. The least were golf, dodge- ball, and Judo. Factor analysis revealed six factors: gymnasium sports, dance sports, outdoor ball sports, hobby sports, winter sports, and stamina sports. Multiple regression analysis showed the following. The gymnasium sports factor correlated with whether students hope to play sports on holidays after graduation. Students are more willing to play gymnasium sports as they feel so. The dance sports factor correlated with sex and whether students hope to play sports on holidays after graduation. Students are more willing to play dance sports as they feel so. Women will play dance sports more than the men. The outdoor ball sports factor correlated with whether students like to play sports. Students are more willing to play outdoor ball sports as they feel so. The hobby sports factor correlated with whether students hoped to play sports on holidays after graduation. Students are more willing to play hobby sports as they feel so. The stamina sports factor correlated with grade, sex, and whether students enjoy playing sports on holidays at the time. Students are more willing to play stamina sports as they feel so. Higher grade respondents will play stamina sports and men will play them more than women.

Equilibrium function by functional reach in healthy persons and persons with intellectual disabilities
Jun. 2012, Hideyuki Okuzumi
Yoshifumi Ikeda
Shogo Hirata
Wataru Maeda
Mitsuru Kokubun
Koichi Haishi, Equilibrium Research, Japan Society for Equilibrium Research, 71, 3, 10.3757/jser.71.170, 0385-5716, This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the functional reach test (FRT) in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). The subjects were 41 persons with ID (male, 26; female, 15) and 44 healthy persons (controls). The subjects with ID were classified into two groups according to their intelligence quotient (IQ): the high-IQ and low-IQ groups. FRT was measured in the original (no target) condition and target condition. In the target condition, a white wall (target) was set in front of the subject. The FRT scores of the original condition and target condition and the difference between these FRT scores (FRT difference) were calculated. In the original condition, the FRT score of the controls was higher than those of the two groups with ID, in which no further comparison was significant. In the target condition, the FRT score of the controls was higher than those of the two groups with ID; the score of the high-IQ group was higher than that of the low-IQ group. The FRT difference of the high-IQ group was higher than that of the low-IQ group, which in turn was higher than that of the controls. These results suggested that persons with ID demonstrate a lower FRT score than healthy persons although the score can be increased greatly by the target, especially for persons with mild or moderate ID.

Relation between sports activity experience and individual attributes of students with intellectual disabilities in high-school special needs education programs
Apr. 2012, 奥住 秀之
池田 吉史
平田 正吾, Asian Journal of Human Services, Asian Society of Human Services; 2011-, 2, 2186-3350

知的障害児・者の運動行為遂行の特徴とその心理学的解析
Mar. 2012, 平田
正吾, 平田正吾

Impulsivity-Reflection in persons with intellectual disabilities
31 Mar. 2012, Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Yoshio Kitajima
Tomio Hosobuchi
Mitsuru Kokubun, Journal of Educational Research, 東京学芸大学, 25, 25, 1344-7068

Relationship between cognitive styles and motor regulation in persons with intellectual disabilities
29 Feb. 2012, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 63, 2, 1880-4306

自閉症スペクトラムにおける「不器用さ」の解明と支援ツールの開発
2012, 平田正吾
池田吉史, 東京学芸大学大学院連合学校教育学研究科平成23年度博士課程研究プロジェクト研究成果報告書

Temporal and spatial parameters of stepping in place in children and adults
Aug. 2011, Yoshifumi Ikeda
Yu Kamiyama
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Shogo Hirata
Mitsuru Kokubun, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1, 113, 1, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.2466/06.11.23.25.26.PMS.113.4.331-338, 0031-5125, Characteristics of synchronized and self-paced stepping in place were examined by analyzing a temporal parameter (step frequency) and a spatial parameter (step height). Participants were 20 adults (10 women, 10 men; M age = 22.5 yr., range = 21-23) and 10 children (5 girls, 5 boys; M age = 6.1 yr., range = 5-6). Results indicated that: (1) the step frequencies, which were equivalent for both groups, were well coincident with stimulus frequencies; (2) when step frequencies were imposed, the step height decreased with increasing step frequency, except for the lowest frequency condition in children; (3) movement consistency was the highest at 2 Hz and deteriorated if the step frequency was higher or lower; and (4) the self-paced stepping in place was optimal in terms of movement consistency. These results showed that stepping in place is a rhythmic movement at a given range of frequency which is coordinated so as to keep the product of step frequency and step height constant. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2011.

Features of motor actions in children with intellectual disabilities and their related factors
30 Jun. 2011, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Japanese journal of adapted sport science, 日本アダプテッド体育・スポーツ学会, 9, 1, 1348-6055, To clarify factors affecting motor actions in children with intellectual disabilities, relationships between three aspects of motor actions, such as speed, accuracy and carefulness, and chronological age (CA), intelligence quotient (IQ), clinical type (Down syndrome, autism) were investigated. The subjects were 54 children with intellectual disabilities (mean age 15.0 years, mean IQ 46.7, 11 children with Down's syndrome and 14 children with autism). We conducted two motor tasks, such as a seal affixation task and tray carrying task. The seal affixation task is fine motor task which can separately measure the speed and accuracy, and the tray carrying task is gross motor task which can separately measure the speed and carefulness. The results were as follows: (a) the relationship between motor actions and CA was not clear. (b) The subject's IQ was clearly related to the accuracy of motor action. (c) The clinical type was clearly related to the speed of motor actions, i.e., persons with Down syndrome were slow. However, the relationship between motor actions and autism was not clear.

Evaluation of behavior traits of persons with intellectual disabilities using the M-ABC checklist
31 Mar. 2011, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
HAISHI Koichi
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Journal of Educational Research, 東京学芸大学, 23, 23, 1344-7068

Age of Walking of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
Feb. 2011, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 62, 2, 1880-4306

発達障害と不器用(2)(自主シンポジウム56,日本特殊教育学会第48回大会シンポジウム報告)
31 Jan. 2011, 国分 充
奥住 秀之
増田 貴人
平田 正吾
葉石 光一
渋谷 郁子, 特殊教育学研究, 日本特殊教育学会, 48, 5, 0387-3374

Speed and accuracy of fine motor actions in persons with intellectual disabilities
28 Oct. 2010, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Japanese Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 日本発達障害学会, 32, 3, 0387-9682

Temporal and spatial accuracy and consistency of manual rhythmic movements of people with intellectual developmental disability
30 Jun. 2010, Okuzumi Hideyuki
Ikeda Yoshifumi
Kamiyama Yu
Ueno Masaki
Hirata Shogo
Kokubun Mitsuru
Kon Shota, Japanese journal of adapted sport science, 日本アダプテッド体育・スポーツ学会, 8, 1, 1348-6055, This study was undertaken to investigate temporal and spatial accuracy and consistency of manual rhythmic movement along a lateral direction of people with intellectual developmental disability (IDD). Subjects were 11 adults with mild or moderate IDD, 7 with severe or profoundly IDD, and 19 without any such disability (controls). Subjects moved their dominant arm repeatedly along a lateral direction (30cm) at 0.5Hz, 1Hz, 2Hz, and 3Hz. Scores of accuracy and consistency of rhythmic movement were calculated. Although the subjects without disability (controls) and with mild or moderate IDD showed temporal accuracy, subjects with severe or profoundly IDD showed no such tendency, except at 1Hz. The adults without disabilities (controls) and with mild or moderate IDD showed spatial accuracy at lower frequencies, but subjects with severe or profoundly IDD showed no such tendency. Regarding the rhythmic consistency of movement, a difference between the IDD types was clear for temporal variation, but not for spatial variation. The factors of frequency, the differences of accuracy and consistency, temporal and spatial variability, and the IDD types were discussed.

Features of stroop and reverse-stroop interference: Analysis by response modality and evaluation
Apr. 2010, Yoshifumi Ikeda
Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Mitsuru Kokubun, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2, 110, 2, Research paper (scientific journal), 10.2466/PMS.110.2.654-660, 0031-5125, Stroop interference (the Stroop effect) is the phenomenon observed when naming the color of an incongruent stimulus, such as the word "red" printed in blue ink; typically, this color incongruence causes slower naming compared to a neutral stimulus, such as a blue square patch. Reverse-Stroop interference occurs when reading the stimulus takes longer than reading the neutral stimulus. Features of Stroop and reverse-Stroop interference were examined, focusing on the difference between the response modalities-oral response and manual response-and the difference between methods of evaluating performance (time or correct responses) and the interference score. Participants were 47 students (30 women, 17 men; M age = 20.8 yr., range = 19-29). The results were as follows: (1) the performance of the reverse-Stroop condition was higher than that of the Stroop condition for both oral and manual responses; (2) the Stroop interference score was significantly greater with the oral response than with the manual response; and (3) the reverse-Stroop interference score was constant regardless of the response modality. The results were discussed with respect to differences in processing speeds of verbal and sensory information. © Perceptual and Motor Skills 2010.

Speed and accuracy of motor actions in persons with intellectual disabilities
Mar. 2010, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Journal of Educational Research, 東京学芸大学, 21, 21, 1344-7068

Features of Tray-Carrying Task by Children with Several Types of Intellectual Disabilities
Feb. 2010, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 61, 1, 1880-4306

発達障害と不器用(自主シンポジウム39,日本特殊教育学会第47回大会シンポジウム報告)
31 Jan. 2010, 国分 充
奥住 秀之
渋谷 郁子
平田 正吾
葉石 光一, 特殊教育学研究, 日本特殊教育学会, 47, 5, 0387-3374

Comparison of performance of tray-carrying task by persons with Down syndrome and those with other forms of mental retardation
Jul. 2009, Hirata
S
Okuzumi
H
Kokubun
M
Kumai
M, Studies of Perception & Action, 10

Ecometrics of step-over height
Jul. 2009, Ueno
M
Hirata
S
Okuzumi
H
Kokubun
M, Studies of Perception & Action, 10

Relationship between stepping and its tempo
Jul. 2009, Yuu Kamiyama
Shogo Hirata
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Mitsuru Kokubun, Studies of Perception & Action, 10

Relationship between attention and stepping
Jun. 2009, Ikeda Y
Hirata S
Okuzumi H
Kokubun M, Studies in Perception and Action X, Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Factors of one-leg balancing and beam-walking in persons with intellectual disabilities
Apr. 2009, Hideyuki Okuzumi
Mitsuru Kokubun
Shogo Hirata
Atsushi Tanaka
Koichi Haishi
Yoshio Kitajima, Equilibrium Research, Japan Society for Equilibrium Research, 68, 2, 10.3757/jser.68.62, 0385-5716, This study was conducted to investigate the factors of one foot balancing and beam-walking in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). There were 181 subjects with ID (male, 126; female, 55; 14 persons with autism; 22 with Down's Syndrome (DS)). One foot balancing was measured with eyes open and with eyes closed. In the beam-walking test, the subjects were asked to walk on five types of beam 3 meters in length. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the results. The dependent variables were the one foot balancing score (sec) with eyes open and with eyes closed and the beam-walking score (from 0 to 5), and the independents were sex, age, height (cm), weight (kg), IQ, presence/absence of autism, and presence/absence of DS. The results were as follows: (1) The one foot balancing with eyes open only related to IQ. Persons with a higher IQ showed a higher score in all the three balance tests than those with a lower IQ. The one foot balancing with eyes closed correlated with IQ and presence/absence of autism. Autistic subjects stood longer than persons with other IDs. The beam walking correlated with IQ, presence/absence of autism, and presence/absence of DS. Autistic subjects attained a higher score than subjects with other IDs, and DS subjects had lower scores. These characteristics of balance in subjects with ID are discussed in terms of executive function, motor dysfunction, and compensatory strategies.

Features of physical activity of children with intellectual disabilities in the school
31 Mar. 2009, HIRATA Shogo
MIURA Azusa
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
HARADA Junji
KOBAYASHI Iwao
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, BULLETIN OF CENTER FOR THE RESEARCH AND SUPPORT OF EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE, 東京学芸大学, 5, 1349-9580

知的障害児・者の運動機能の評価に関する文献研究
Mar. 2009, 葉石 光一
奥住 秀之
平田 正吾, 上越教育大学特別支援教育実践研究センター紀要, 上越教育大学特別支援教育実践研究センター, 15, 1882-7349

A developmental approach to fine motor actions in persons with intellectual disabilities
Feb. 2009, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 60, 1880-4306

Features of Stroop/Reverse-Stroop Interference in two ways of Reaction
Feb. 2009, IKEDA Yoshifumi
HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 60, 1880-4306

知的障害児・者の手指運動への発達的アプローチ(自主シンポジウム48,日本特殊教育学会第46回大会シンポジウム報告)
30 Jan. 2009, 国分 充
奥住 秀之
田中 敦史
葉石 光一
平田 正吾, 特殊教育学研究, 日本特殊教育学会, 46, 5, 0387-3374

Motor ability model in adults with intellectual disability and related valuables of the attribute
2009, Okuzumi Hideyuki
Kokubun Mitsuru
Hirata Shogo
Haishi Koichi
Tanaka Atsushi
Kitajima Yoshio, Japanese journal of adapted sport science, Japanese Society for Adapted Physical Education and Exercise, 7, 1, 10.20796/jjadss.7.1_47, 1348-6055, According to the basic motor ability model (Nagasaki et al, 1995) constructed of three factors (walking, balance, and hand power), a 7-item physical performance test (grip strength, tapping, one-leg standing with eyes open and with eyes closed, beam walking, preferred speed walking and maximum speed walking) was administered to 181 adults with intellectual disabilities (age 18-68 years). Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. Results were as follows: (1) The three factors of walking function, balance function and hand function were shown by factor analysis. (2) The walking function related to IQ and presence/absence of Down Syndrome. The subjects with higher IQ demonstrated a better walking function score. The subjects with Down Syndrome showed lower walking function. (3) The balance function involved IQ, presence/absence of Down Syndrome, and presence/absence of autism. The subjects with higher IQ also demonstrated a better walking function score. The subjects with autism revealed higher function, and with Down Syndrome lower. (4) The hand function related to IQ and sex. The subjects with higher IQ also revealed a better hand function score. Male subjects showed higher functions. This study determined characteristics of motor ability in persons with intellectual disabilities and some related factors.

A developmental approach to fine motor actions in persons with intellectual disabilities
2009, HIRATA Shogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru
HIRATA Shogo(Tokyo
Gakugei University
OKUZUMI Hideyuki(Tokyo
Gakugei University
KITAJIMA Yoshio(Chiba University
HOSOBUCHI Tomio(Saitama University
KOKUBUN Mitsuru(Tokyo
Gakugei Univ, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系, Committee of Publication of Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, 60, 1880-4306

A Study on Characteristics of Hearing Impaired Children Suspected of Having Developmental Disabilities : An Experiment in Classification by PRS
Oct. 2008, OSHIKA Aya
HIRATA Shogo
HAMADA Toyohiko
KOKUBUN Mituru, Journal of Educational Research, 東京学芸大学, 18, 18, 1344-7068

Factors of walking speed in persons with intellectual disabilities
Jun. 2008, Hideyuki Okuzumi
Mitsuru Kokubun
Shogo Hirata
Atsushi Tanaka
Koichi Haishi
Michio Ushiyama
Maki Hashimoto
Yoshio Kitajima, Equilibrium Research, Japan Society for Equilibrium Research, 67, 3, 10.3757/jser.67.200, 0385-5716, This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the walking speed in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). The subjects were 181 persons with ID (male, 126; female, 55; 14 persons with autism; 22 with Down's Syndrome (DS)). The subjects were asked to walk on a straight 14-meter-long walkway with a flat floor at their preferred speed (PSW) and then at their maximum speed (MSW). They were asked to walk as fast as possible twice and the walk at the higher speed was designated as the MSW. The walking time in the middle of the walkway, 2 to 12 meters from the start, was measured by a stopwatch, to calculate the walking speed (m/sec). Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used. The dependent variables used were the PSW and the MSW, and the independent variables were the sex, age, height, weight, IQ, presence/absence of autism, and presence/absence of DS. The results were as follows: (1) The PSW was only related to the presence/absence of DS; persons with DS walked more slowly than persons with the other IDs. (2) The MSW was related to the IQ and the presence/absence of DS. Persons with higher IQ walked faster than those with a lower IQ, and persons with DS walked more slowly than persons with other IDs. These characteristics of the walking speed in persons with DS were discussed in terms of the motor dysfunction and compensatory strategies.

The speed and accuracy of fine motor actions in children with intellectual disabilities
Feb. 2008, HIRATA Shogo
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 59, 1880-4306

Teacher Education of Special Support Education in activity for children with developmental disabilities
Feb. 2008, OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KOKUBUN Mitsuru
HASHIMOTO Maki
HIRATA Syogo, Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University. Educational sciences, 東京学芸大学, 59, 1880-4306

知的障害者の運動行為の諸問題(自主シンポジウム33,日本特殊教育学会第45回大会シンポジウム報告)
31 Jan. 2008, 國分 充
奥住 秀之
田中 敦士
牛山 道雄
平田 正吾
葉石 光一, 特殊教育学研究, 日本特殊教育学会, 45, 5, 0387-3374

The speed and accuracy of fine motor actions in children with intellectual disabilities
2008, HIRATA Shogo
KITAJIMA Yoshio
HOSOBUCHI Tomio
KOKUBUN Mitsuru
HIRATA Shogo(Tokyo
Gakugei University
KITAJIMA Yoshio(Chiba University
HOSOBUCHI Tomio(Saitama University
KOKUBUN Mitsuru(Tokyo
Gakugei Univ, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系, Committee of Publication of Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, 59, 1880-4306

Teacher Education of Special Support Education in activity for children with developmental disabilities
2008, OKUZUMI Hideyuki
KOKUBUN Mitsuru
HASHIMOTO Maki
HIRATA Syogo
OKUZUMI Hideyuki(Tokyo
Gakugei University
KOKUBUN Mitsuru(Tokyo
Gakugei University
HASHIMOTO Maki(Tokyo
Gakugei University
HIRATA Syogo(Tokyo
Gakugei Univ, 東京学芸大学紀要. 総合教育科学系, Committee of Publication of Bulletin of Tokyo Gakugei University, 59, 1880-4306

Effect of Ecological Change in Water Pouring
Jul. 2007, Okuzumi
H
Kokubun
M
Hirata
S, Studies of Perception & Action, 11

Features of Fine Motor Actions in Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
Jul. 2007, Hirata
S
Okuzumi
H
Kokubun
M, Studies of Perception & Action, 11

知的障害児における定位操作の特徴 ～２種の積木課題を用いた縦断的検討～
Sep. 2024, 日本特殊教育学会第62回大会

知的障害児の実行機能に対する感覚刺激の影響
Sep. 2024, 日本特殊教育学会第62回大会

知的障害児における実行機能の縦断的変化 Dimensional Change Card Sort 課題を用いた検討
Mar. 2025, 日本発達心理学会第36回大会

知的障害児における数量に関するスキーマの特徴 ～「まなびわくわくテスト」による評価の試み～
Mar. 2025, 日本発達心理学会第36回大会

定位操作の発達についての縦断的検討 ～積木課題における誤反応への注目～
Mar. 2025, 日本発達心理学会第36回大会

短期間の水泳指導が発達障害児のメンタルヘルス に及ぼす影響
Dec. 2024, 日本アダプテッド体育・スポーツ学会第29回大会

短期間の水泳指導が発達障害児の自己制御に及ぼす影響についての試行的検討
Dec. 2024, 日本アダプテッド体育・スポーツ学会第29回大会

発達障害児における投動作の特徴についての試 行的評価～課題の違いが及ぼす影響に注目して～
Dec. 2024, 日本アダプテッド体育・スポーツ学会第29回大会

知的障害児・者における運動行動の心理学的理解
Sep. 2024, 日本特殊教育学会第62回大会

重度重複障害者の上肢運動機能の定量的評価
Jul. 2024, 広域科学教育学会大会

知的障害児におけるhotな実行機能の評価 ：小児版ギャンブリング課題を用いて
Jun. 2024, 日本認知心理学会第22回大会

眼球運動を指標とした心的数直線の分析
Jun. 2024, 日本認知心理学会第22回大会

DCDの過去・現在・未来
Apr. 2024, 第７回日本DCD学会学術集会

クローゼットの中の研究協力者: データ収集におけるサイレントマジョリティ
Mar. 2021, 日本発達心理学会第32回大会

知的障害者における運動プランニングの特徴 ～End-state comfort effectについての課題横断的検討～
Sep. 2019, 日本特殊教育学会第57回大会

知的障害児・者の心理機能における内言の役割 ～生理型知的障害者の系列再生における音韻的符号化について～
Sep. 2019, 日本特殊教育学会第57回大会

知的障害者の運動プランニングの特性解明に向けて
Sep. 2019, 日本特殊教育学会第57回大会

発達性協調運動障害について
Mar. 2019, 日本発達系作業療法学会第７回学術集会

知的障害者のお皿合わせ課題におけるマイクロスリップの様相
Sep. 2018, 日本特殊教育学会第56回大会

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Sep. 2018, 日本特殊教育学会第56回大会

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Mar. 2018, 日本発達心理学会第30回大会

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Mar. 2018, 日本発達心理学会第30回大会

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Sep. 2017, 日本特殊教育学会第55回大会

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Jul. 2017, 日本赤ちゃん学会第17回学術集会

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Apr. 2017, 第1回日本DCD学会学術集会